A new study published in Community, Work & Family reveals that extended family leave comes with steep career costs — and single mothers are the most vulnerable group.
The research shows that longer parental leave increases unemployment duration for single mothers far more than for married mothers. While income loss after returning from leave is similar for both groups, the negative impact on employment prospects is significantly greater for single women .
In other words, extended parental leave — despite its family benefits — can deepen existing social gaps and reinforce structural inequality in the labor market.
Background and Significance
Conducted within the framework of inequality theory and work–family integration challenges, the study highlights that current parental leave policies often overlook differences in family structure. As a result, they unintentionally widen socioeconomic disparities, particularly for single parents.
Policy Recommendations
- Implement family leave policies that account for diverse household structures, especially those led by single mothers.
- Design leave schemes that balance child care needs with economic protection for parents.
- Offer post-leave support such as phased return programs and flexible working hours to help single mothers re-enter the workforce without long-term career penalties.
While extended family leave is intended to support parents, this research warns that — without targeted reforms — single mothers may bear the greatest cost. Policymakers are urged to redesign parental leave systems to reduce inequality and close the gender employment gap.
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